< Back Ankle Arthroplasty ankle-arthroplasty Previous Next

< Back Leg Length Discrepancy in THA leg-length-discrepancy-tha Previous Next

< Back Odontoid Fractures kocaelispor kocaelispor odontoid-fractures Previous Next

< Back Clavicle Fractures Clavicle fractures are common shoulder injuries, especially in young active individuals, typically caused by a fall onto the shoulder or an outstretched hand. Clavicle fractures account for up to 5% of all adult fractures and are most frequently located in the middle third of the bone. Treatment depends on fracture location, displacement, and patient activity level. While most midshaft fractures can be managed conservatively, displaced or comminuted fractures may require surgical fixation, often with plate and screw constructs. Complications include nonunion, malunion, and neurovascular injury. clavicle-fractures Previous Next

Knee & Sports Topics General Principles Knee Joint Anatomy & Biomechanics Physical Examination of the Knee Knee Imaging Osgood Schlatter's Disease Extensor Mechanism Problems General Problems ACL Rupture PCL Rupture Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Patellar Instability Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) Meniscal Tears Posterolateral Corner Injury General Principles High Tibial Osteotomy (HTO) Distal Femoral Osteotomy (DFO) Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy Osteochondral Allografts Meniscal Allograft Transplantation Cartilage Repair Techniques (ACI, MACI) General Principles Hip Arthroscopy Snapping Hip (Coxa Saltans) Hamstring Injuries Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome

< Back Knee Joint Anatomy & Biomechanics Previous Next

< Back ACL Tear Previous Next

< Back Hip Resurfacing hip-resurfacing Previous Next

< Back Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Previous Next

< Back Shoulder Instability DCDC shoulder-instability Previous Next

< Back Compartment Syndrome A surgical emergency caused by increased pressure within a closed muscle compartment, compromising circulation and function. Compartment syndrome occurs when increased pressure within a closed osteofascial compartment reduces capillary perfusion, leading to ischaemia and tissue necrosis . 🔍 Key Features: Commonly affects the leg and forearm 5 P’s : Pain (out of proportion), Paresthesia, Pallor, Paralysis, Pulselessness (late) Most reliable early sign: Pain with passive stretch 🧪 Diagnosis: Clinical diagnosis is paramount. Intracompartmental pressure measurement: Consider fasciotomy if ΔP (diastolic BP – compartment pressure) < 30 mmHg. 🔧 Management: Urgent fasciotomy is the definitive treatment. Delay leads to irreversible muscle/nerve damage and contractures. compartment-syndrome Previous Next

Basic Science MSK Science • Bone Basic Science • Fracture Healing & Nonunion • Biologic Tissues • Bone Remodeling • Tendons • Ligaments • Synovium & Synovial Fluid • Bone Circulation • Bioabsorbable Materials • Ochronosis • Articular Cartilage Systemic Disease • Rheumatic Diseases • Sickle Cell Anaemia • Osteoporosis & Osteopenia • Thromboembolism • Renal Osteodystrophy • Hyperparathyroidism • Hypophosphatasia • Vitamin Deficiency Disorders • Hemophilia Medications & Toxicity • Anti-inflammatory Medications • Opiates & Analgesics • Anticoagulants • Prophylactic Antibiotics • Drug-Induced Tendinopathy • Contrast-Induced Nephropathy • Medication Allergies